Abstract The interleukin (IL)-2–IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) pathway is important in immunity, but is
also involved in maintenance of self-tolerance. This paradox is further complicated by …

ABSTRACT A soluble form of the interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is secreted upon T-cell
activation. Increased blood levels of sIL-2R occur in a variety of immunological diseases …

Background BRAF V600E is the genetic lesion underlying hairy-cell leukemia. We assessed
the safety and activity of the oral BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in patients with hairy-cell …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of T cells carrying the CD4 antigen; they are
important in supporting plasma cell and germinal centre responses,. The initial induction of …

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)-blocking antibody ipilimumab induces
immune-mediated long-term control of metastatic melanoma in a fraction of patients …

A role for the IL-36 family of cytokines has been identified in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Although significant mechanistic overlap can exist between psoriasis and inflammatory …

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by somatic
BRAF V600E mutations. The malignant cell in HCL has immunophenotypic features of a …

IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling is essential for optimal stability and function of CD4+
CD25hiFOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg); a cell type that plays an integral role in …

Multiple sclerosis is a disabling inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system
characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Given that multiple sclerosis …

Background Previous research have implicated critical roles of systemic inflammation in the
development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). But the causal relationship between interleukins …