The B7/CD28 families of immune checkpoints play vital roles in negatively or positively
regulating immune cells in homeostasis and various diseases. Recent basic and clinical …

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancer types, resulting in over 1.8
million deaths annually. Immunotherapy utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has …

T cells are often absent from human cancer tissues during both spontaneously induced
immunity and therapeutic immunotherapy, even in the presence of a functional T cell …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved the prognosis in patients with non-
small cell lung cancer, compared with cytotoxic agents. However, the prediction of treatment …

Purpose: Recently, anti-programmed cell death-1/anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (anti-
PD1/L1) immunotherapy has been demonstrated for its efficacy when combined with …

Currently, chemotherapy is the standard adjuvant treatment for early-stage non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC). However, adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy after surgery has …

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer diagnosis, among
which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), and anaplastic …

The clinical outcome of resectable non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving
neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy is good but varies greatly. In addition, the pathological …

Liver is one of the most common sites for metastases, which can occur on account of primary
tumors from multiple sites of origin. Identifying the primary site of origin (PSO) of a metastasis …

Checkpoint inhibitors represent an effective treatment approach for a variety of cancers
through their inhibition of immune regulatory pathways within the tumor microenvironment …