The development of clinical treatment protocols usually relies on evidence-based guidelines
that focus on randomized, controlled trials. For rare renal diseases, such stringent …

The C3 amplification loop lies at the core of all the complement pathways, rather than the
alternative pathway alone. It is, in evolutionary terms, the oldest part of the complement …

Background Age-related macular degeneration is the most common cause of blindness in
Western populations. Susceptibility is influenced by age and by genetic and environmental …

Common polymorphisms in complement alternative pathway (AP) proteins C3 (C3R102G),
factor B (fBR32Q), and factor H (fHV62I) are associated with age-related macular …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed
world. It is a complex multifactorial disease, and despite new advances in treatment, many …

To assess the relationship between serum C3 or C4 levels and lupus renal flare, C3 and C4
levels were measured bimonthly in 71 lupus nephritis patients for a mean of 35 months …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most well-characterized late-onset,
complex trait diseases. Remarkable advances in our understanding of the genetic and …

Complement is a key component of immune defence against infection; it potently drives
inflammation at sites of pathology and is essential for killing of pathogens. Genetic linkage of …

Unequivocally the most relevant and important European textbook of clinical nephrology.
This is the most authoritative, well written and comprehensive textbook of clinical nephrology …

Background The complement system has a critical role in both the innate and the adaptive
immune responses. In humans, C3 exists as two main allotypes, F (fast) and S (slow), which …