Contents Summary 1327 I. Introduction 1327 II. Individuality and the relevance of scales for
the investigation of bacteria 1328 III. Bacterial aggregation and community patterning at the …

Stomata play a pivotal role in the regulation of gas exchange in flowering plants and are
distributed throughout the aerial epidermis. In leaves, the pattern of stomatal distribution is …

Leaves have evolved to effectively harvest light, and, in parallel, to balance photosynthetic
CO2 assimilation with water losses. At times, leaves must operate under light limiting …

Plant cuticles are lipid membranes with separate diffusion paths for lipophilic non-
electrolytes and hydrated ionic compounds. Ions are lipid insoluble and require an aqueous …

Fagonia indica is valuable for its multiple uses such as anticancer, antimicrobial and
antioxidant throughout the world. Various biotechnological approaches need to be …

One-year-old olive trees (cv. Koroneiki) were grown in plastic containers of 50 000 cm 3
under full daylight and 30, 60, and 90% shade for two years. The effects of shade on leaf …

The surface of peach (Prunus persica 'Calrico') is covered by a dense indumentum, which
may serve various protective purposes. With the aim of relating structure to function, the …

Plant organs are composed of many tissue types containing specialised cells differing in
chemical composition and structure. This complexity results in complicated and variable …

Guard cells represent a unique single cell-type system for the study of cellular responses to
abiotic and biotic perturbations that affect stomatal movement. Decades of effort through …

The plant cuticle is an important plant‐atmosphere boundary, the synthesis and
maintenance of which represents a significant metabolic cost. Only limited information …