Background—The goal of this statement is to review available literature and to put forth a
scientific statement on the current practice of fetal cardiac medicine, including the diagnosis …

Prevention of congenital cardiovascular defects has been hampered by a lack of information
about modifiable risk factors for abnormalities in cardiac development. Over the past …

Background There has been concern that exposure to lithium early in pregnancy may be
associated with a marked increase in the risk of Ebstein's anomaly (a right ventricular …

Lithium concentrations in the surface and underground waters may be higher than general
environment in places where lithium-rich brines and minerals occur, and in places where …

Before marketing a new drug, the manufacturer almost never tests the product in pregnant
women to determine its effects on the fetus. Consequently, most drugs are not labeled for …

Abstract The British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines specify the scope and
target of treatment for bipolar disorder. The second version, like the first, is based explicitly …

It is clearly important that the medical profession plays a significant role in critically
evaluation of the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies in the management or …

Objective.—To reevaluate the risk associated with in utero exposure to lithium. Data Sources
and Study Selection.—Data were obtained from all published studies, in multiple languages …

Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves the induction of a seizure for
therapeutic purposes by the administration of a variable frequency electrical stimulus shock …

OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder affects 0.5%–1.5% of individuals in the United States. The
typical age at onset is late adolescence or early adulthood, placing women at risk for …