Simple Summary Horses' behavior is a good indicator of their welfare status. However, its
complexity requires objective, quantifiable, and unambiguous evidence-based assessment …

Animal welfare protection is a challenge for which policy-makers are demanding scientific-
based evidence. Considering horses, the challenge is even greater, as their role in society …

Simple Summary In recent years, there has been increasing societal concern about the use
of horses in competitive sport. Ethical frameworks can help stakeholders to make contextual …

Simple Summary There is a paradox about the welfare of horses in the domestic situation:
on the one hand, horses are beloved partners for most owners, but on the other hand …

Simple Summary Racehorses are submitted to stress-inducing practices that include
restricted conditions of life and intensive racing training. This may impair their welfare and …

Stabled horses often experience negative emotions due to the inappropriate living
conditions imposed by humans. However, identifying what emotions horses experience and …

Assessing the animal welfare state is a challenge given the subjective individual cognitive
and emotional processing involved. Electroencephalography (EEG) spectrum analysis has …

Simple Summary Equine Quality of Life is an important concern in decision making in
veterinary medicine and is especially relevant for chronically ill or aged horses when …

Simple Summary Housing and management conditions strongly influence the health,
welfare and activity behaviour of horses. To improve horses' living conditions, it is necessary …

Simple Summary The mental experiences of animals are what characterises their welfare
status. The Five Domains Model is a contemporary holistic framework for assessing animal …