The anticipated growth and urbanization of the global population over the next several
decades will create a vast demand for the construction of new housing, commercial …

Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to describing degradation of wood, which is
a complex process; hence, microorganisms have evolved different enzymatic and non …

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER• A “brilliant [and] entrancing”(The Guardian) journey into
the hidden lives of fungi—the great connectors of the living world—and their astonishing and …

Lignin forms a large part of plant biomass. It is a highly heterogeneous polymer of 4-
hydroxyphenylpropanoid units and is embedded within polysaccharide polymers forming …

Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic eukaryotes characterized by the absence
of phagotrophy and the presence of a chitinous cell wall. While unicellular fungi are far from …

Wood durability researchers have long described fungal decay of timber using the starkly
simple terms of white, brown and soft rot, along with the less destructive mold and stain …

The complex interlacing structure among cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and the unique
properties of lignin itself limit the value-added utilization of the lignin. As the “upstream” …

Abstract The 'COPSE'(Carbon, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulphur and Evolution)
biogeochemical model predicts the coupled histories and controls on atmospheric O 2, CO 2 …

The progressive oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere was pivotal to the evolution of life,
but the puzzle of when and how atmospheric oxygen (O2) first approached modern levels …

Highlights•Lignocellulosic biomass utilization is crucial for sustainable development.•Lignin
has two characteristics, a useful biomass component and an inhibitor of wall …