We examine the challenges of governance facing organizations that pursue a social mission
through the use of market mechanisms. These hybrid organizations, often referred to as …

Stakeholder governance is now at the center of a fundamental and heated debate in
corporate law and public policy. 1 Supporters of stakeholder governance (which we refer to …

What is the purpose of business? While most agree that business minimally involves the
creation of value, a blurred double image of value haunts our discussion of purpose. The …

In the wake of the most recent financial crisis, corporations have been criticized as being self-
interested and unmindful of their relationship to society. Indeed, the blame is sometimes …

This study explores the impact of B Corp certification and its associated impact assessment
on four case studies of small and medium-sized Brazilian companies certified as B Corps …

There is an important shift in business focus in the United States that is empowering
companies to not only declare their intent to be ethical firms which do good while making a …

A firm is not a black box with a pipe sticking out of it. Firm managers make decisions with
environmental consequences long before pollution comes out of a pipe or a smokestack …

Previous research highlights tensions that social hybrids face by spanning categories. This
article explores the emergence of legislation to support a new category for social hybrids …

Patagonia, Inc., opens his book, Let My People Go Surfing: The Education of a Reluctant
Businessman, with these words: I've been a businessman for almost fifty years. It's as difficult …

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are a universal call for action to
protect the planet, end poverty and inequality in the world. Government and philanthropy …