Mode division multiplexing (MDM) is an emerging multiplexing technique that simultaneously transmits independent channels through a spatial light modulator (SLM) …
This paper studies the detrimental effect of polarization mode dispersion on long-haul optical fiber communication in terms of the quality factor and bit error rate. The dispersion …
Inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC) is a developing free-space optical technology used to communicate among satellites in space. At the same time, SAC-OCDMA …
Optical communication systems provide high data rates to fulfil users' demands. In addition, the modulation format is essential to the system's transmission quality and spectral …