Among the many viruses that are known to infect the human liver, hepatitis B virus (HBV)
and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unique because of their prodigious capacity to cause …

This review describes the contribution of noncytolytic mechanisms to the control of viral
infections with a particular emphasis on the role of cytokines in these processes. It has long …

SUMMARY Melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is a multifunctional signaling
molecule that has a variety of important functions. Numerous clinical trials have examined …

The past decade has seen the re-emergence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) as a major
global health threat, affecting millions around the world. Although fatal infections are rare …

In contrast to insect viruses, animal viruses can produce considerable amounts of progeny
virus in cells undergoing apoptosis. Nevertheless, viruses in general have acquired the …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic necroinflammatory liver diseases and
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV replicates noncytopathically in the hepatocyte, and …

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
(IHNV) are members of the genus Novirhabdovirus within the Rhabdoviridae family, which …

A panel of influenza A viruses encoding mutant NS1 proteins was created in which a
number of NS1 functions, including interactions with dsRNA, PI3K, CPSF30 and PKR, were …

Apoptosis has been considered to be a host defense mechanism against viral infection in
multicellular organisms. This is based on the findings that apoptogenic mutants of insect …

Abstract Introduction Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic life-threatening viral
infection endemic across sub-Saharan African countries and the Arabian Peninsula; …