In recent years, free space optical (FSO) communication has gained significant importance
owing to its unique features: large bandwidth, license free spectrum, high data rate, easy …

Principles of Mobile Communication, Fourth Edition, like its earlier editions, stresses
mathematical modeling of physical layer wireless communication systems. The basic …

Graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields (MRFs), represent
statistical dependencies of variables by a graph. The max-product" belief propagation" …

An intuitive shortcut to understanding the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder is presented
based on an approximation. This is shown to correspond to a dual-maxima computation …

Graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov networks, represent joint
distributions over a set of variables by means of a graph. When the graph is singly …

Concatenated coding schemes with interleavers consist of a combination of two simple
constituent encoders and an interleaver. The parallel concatenation known as “turbo code” …

Several improved turbo code apparatuses and methods. The invention encompasses
several classes:(1) A data source is applied to tWo or more encoders With an interleaver …

In recent years, free space optical (FSO) communication has gained significant importance
owing to its unique features: large bandwidth, license free spectrum, high data rate, easy …

The goal of this article is to describe the main ideas behind the new class of codes called
turbo codes, whose performance in terms of bit error probability has been shown to be very …

Soft‐input soft‐output building blocks (modules) are presented to construct and iteratively
decode in a distributed fashion code networks, a new çoncept that includes, and …