The standardization of fifth generation (5G) communications has been completed, and the
5G network should be commercially launched in 2020. As a result, the visioning and …

During the last decade, the exponential growth of mobile devices and wireless services
created a huge demand for radio frequency-based technologies. Meanwhile, the lighting …

In recent years, underwater visible light communication (UVLC) has become a potential
wireless carrier candidate for signal transmission in highly critical, unknown, and …

Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) is not a new idea, but it has recently
attracted renewed interest since seawater presents a reduced absorption window for blue …

Smart services based on the Internet of Everything (IoE) are gaining considerable popularity
due to the ever-increasing demands of wireless networks. This demands the appraisal of the …

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is an emerging and feasible
underwater communication technology and has developed rapidly in recent years. Building …

Due to the unprecedented growth of high speed multimedia services and diversified
applications initiated from the massive connectivity of IoT devices, 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) …

Diffraction is a phenomenon related to the wave nature of light and arises when a
propagating wave comes across an obstacle. Consequently, the wave can be transformed in …

The domain of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) had received a lot of attention
recently due to its significant advanced capabilities in the ocean surveillance, marine …

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology marking the beginning of a new
era where physical, biological, and digital worlds are integrated by connecting a plethora of …