A review of our current knowledge of B cell antigen uptake mechanisms, the relevance of
these processes to pathology, and outstanding questions in the field. Specific antigens …

The myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) gene encodes the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin IIA
(NMIIA), which belongs to the myosin II subfamily of actin-based molecular motors. Previous …

B-cell activation and immune synapse (IS) formation with membrane-bound antigens are
actin-dependent processes that scale positively with the strength of antigen-induced signals …

When B cells encounter antigens on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC), B cell
receptors (BCRs) are gathered into microclusters that recruit signaling enzymes. These …

An important channel of cell-to-cell communication is direct contact. The immune synapse is
a paradigmatic example of such type of interaction: it forms upon engagement of antigen …

Subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSMs) play a key role in immune defense by forming
immunological barriers that control the transport of antigens from lymph into lymph node …

Conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) excel at cross-presentation of dead cell-associated
antigens partly because they express DNGR-1, a receptor that recognizes exposed actin …

Antibody production depends on B cell internalization and presentation of antigens to helper
T cells. To acquire antigens displayed by antigen-presenting cells, B cells form immune …

Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes (LN s) are the main inductive sites for
adaptive immune responses. Lymphocytes are constantly entering LN s, scanning the …

The adaptive immune system constantly remodels its lymphocyte repertoire for better
protection against future pathogens. Its ability to improve antigen recognition on the fly relies …