Eye tracking is an increasingly popular method in mathematics education. While the
technology has greatly evolved in recent years, there is a debate about the specific benefits …

There is an emerging consensus that spatial thinking plays a fundamental role in how
people conceive, express, and perform mathematics. However, the underlying nature of this …

Our understanding of how the human brain performs mathematical calculations is far from
complete, but in recent years there have been many exciting breakthroughs by scientists all …

Time and space are tightly linked in the physical word. Recently, several lines of evidence
have suggested that the mental representation of time might be spatial in nature. For …

In a very influential yet anecdotal illustration, Yarbus suggested that human eye-movement
patterns are modulated top down by different task demands. While the hypothesis that it is …

The literature on spatial associations during number processing is dominated by the SNARC
(spatial–numerical association of response codes) effect. We describe spatial biases found …

In human and non-human animals, conceptual knowledge is partially organized according
to low-dimensional geometries that rely on brain structures and computations involved in …

Spatial–numerical associations (SNAs) are prevalent yet their origin is poorly understood.
We first consider the possible prime role of reading habits in shaping SNAs and list three …

Abstract Space, time, and number are fundamental to how we act within and reason about
the world. These three experiential domains are systematically intertwined in behavior …

People use space to conceptualize abstract domains like time and number. This tendency
may be a cognitive universal, but the specifics of people's implicit space–time and space …