Citizens unequally participate in referendums, and this may systematically bias policy in
favor of those who vote. Some view compulsory voting as an important tool to alleviate this …

Elections are defining elements of democracy but occur infrequently. Given that elections
evoke mass mobilization, we expect citizen attachments to political parties to wax during …

Political parties in the developing world often face serious electoral crises; from one election
to the next, parties can be decisively voted out of national office. What happens to a party …

National-level elections receive more attention from scholars and the media than elections
at other levels, even though in many European countries the importance of both regional …

The misuse of public office for private or partisan gain—political corruption, in short—is as
ancient as the art of politics itself. Its contemporary study began in the 1990s, with the public …

Second‐order election research clearly reveals that national incumbency impacts on
European election outcomes but despite the increasing importance of regions few studies …

This article examines the consequences of increased party system fragmentation for
oppositions, their respective governments and representation more generally, focusing on …

This chapter critically engages with the prevailing conceptions of local elections as mere
lower rank elections or simply a different kind of election in contrast to national elections …

In most modern parliamentary democracies, it is unlikely that single party governments will
be formed, meaning that a voter's preferred party presumably has to share cabinet offices …

La política de alianzas electorales es un elemento estratégico de los partidos para obtener
votos y cargos. Además de estar facultados para armar sus propias alianzas para competir …