Neuroinflammatory response is primarily a protective mechanism in the brain. However,
excessive and chronic inflammatory responses can lead to deleterious effects involving …

Immune responses in the CNS are common, despite its perception as a site of immune
privilege. These responses can be mediated by resident microglia and astrocytes, which are …

One of the more important recent advances in neuroscience research is the understanding
that there is extensive communication between the immune system and the central nervous …

Demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis are chronic inflammatory autoimmune
diseases with a heterogeneous clinical presentation and course. Both the adaptive and the …

Mast cells (MCs) are both sensors and effectors in communication among nervous, vascular,
and immune systems. In the brain, they reside on the brain side of the blood–brain barrier …

Alopecia areata (AA) is a CD8+ T-cell dependent autoimmune disease of the hair follicle
(HF) in which the collapse of HF immune privilege (IP) plays a key role. Mast cells (MCs) are …

Mast cells are localized throughout the body and mediate allergic, immune, and
inflammatory reactions. They are heterogeneous, tissue-resident, long-lived, and granulated …

The roles of mast cells in health and disease remain incompletely understood. While the
evidence that mast cells are critical effector cells in IgE-dependent anaphylaxis and other …

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) plays an important role in cellular processes as diverse as cell growth,
migration/invasion, differentiation, and death/survival. Furthermore, recent studies indicate …

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of viral encephalitis. However, the
mechanisms of JEV penetration of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) remain poorly understood …