Background The assembly task is an indispensable step in sequencing genomes of new
organisms and studying structural genomic changes. In recent years, the dynamic …

The sequencing of DNA goes through a step of fragment assembly, this step is known as
DNA fragment assembly problem (FAP). Fragment assembly is considered as an NP-hard …

The study of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is crucial in many fields, including medicine,
biology, zoology, agriculture, and forensics. Since reading a DNA sequence is onerous …

Nucleotide sequencing finds the exact order of nucleotides present in a DNA molecule. The
correct DNA sequence is required to obtain the desired information about the complete …

Determining the sequence of a long DNA chain first requires dividing it into subset
fragments. The DNA fragment assembly (DFA) approach is then used for reassembling the …

This paper focuses on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) applied to the DNA fragment
assembly problem. Existing PSO algorithms for this permutation-based combinatorial …

Many computational intelligence approaches have been used for the fragment assembly
problem. However, the comparison and analysis of these approaches is difficult due to the …

DNA Fragment assembly–an NP-Hard problem–is one of the major steps in of DNA
sequencing. Multiple strategies have been used for this problem, including greedy graph …

DNA Fragment Assembly Problem (FAP) is an attractive research topic in the field of
bioinformatics. The aim of DNA FAP is to generate DNA sequences as close to the original …

The Fragment Assembly Problem is a major component of the DNA sequencing process that
is identified as being NP-Hard. A variety of approaches to this problem have been used …