This review analyzes activities in the field of marine invertebrate cell culture during the years
1999 to 2004 and compares the outcomes with those of the preceding decade (1988 to …

Marine sponges are a rich source of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical potential.
Since biological production is one option to supply materials for early drug development, the …

There is increasing interest in biotechnological production of marine sponge biomass owing
to the discovery of many commercially important secondary metabolites in this group of …

Sponges of the species Tethya wilhelma display rhythmic body contractions, which were
analyzed by digital timelapse imaging and semi-automated image analysis. For the first time …

Sponges have been experimentally farmed for over 100 years, with early attempts done in
the sea to supply “bath sponges”. During the last 20 years, sponges have also been …

Microbes associated with marine sponges are of interest in marine biotechnology for several
reasons. Sponge‐associated microbes are a resource for drug discovery. Studies on the …

Sponges (phylum Porifera) are sessile marine filter feeders that have developed efficient
defense mechanisms against foreign attackers such as viruses, bacteria, or eukaryotic …

The effects of polyurethane sponge size and type on the performance of an up-flow sponge
bioreactor were studied using different sponge cube sizes (1× 1× 1cm, 2× 2× 2cm and 3× 3× …

Sponges (Porifera) are nerve-and muscleless. Nevertheless, they react to external stimuli in
a coordinated way, by body contraction, oscule closure or stopping pumping activity. The …

In vitro cultivation systems for sponges (Porifera) have to be developed to produce
compounds of value in biotechnological processes. Organotypic culture attempts, which …