Highlights•Functional properties of excitatory inputs onto cortical neurons are more
diverse.•Cortical neurons can receive imbalanced synaptic excitation and inhibition.•Current …

Motion perception is a vital part of our sensory repertoire in that it contributes to navigation,
awareness of moving objects, and communication. Motion sense in carnivores and primates …

Most excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain are contacted or ensheathed by astrocyte
processes, forming tripartite synapses. Astrocytes are thought to be critical regulators of the …

Selective and reliable cortical sensory representations depend on synaptic interactions
between feedforward inputs, conveying information from lower levels of the sensory …

The visual cortex of carnivores and primates displays a high degree of modular network
organization characterized by local clustering and structured long-range correlations of …

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Most neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mammals show sharp orientation selectivity
and band-pass spatial frequency tuning. Here, we examine whether sharpening of the broad …

Neurons in primary visual cortex are selective for stimulus orientation, and a neuron's
preferred orientation changes little when the stimulus is switched from one eye to the other. It …

Significance Advances in genetically encoded sensors and two-photon imaging have
unlocked functional imaging at the level of single dendritic spines. Synaptic activity can be …

Neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) show a remarkable functional specificity in their pre-
and postsynaptic partners. Recent work has revealed a variety of wiring biases describing …