Marine organisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, sponges, echinoderms, mollusks, and
cephalochordates produce a variety of products with antifungal activity including bacterial …

Type I interferons (IFN) are the cornerstone cytokine of innate antiviral immunity. In response
to a viral infection, IFN signaling results in the expression of a diverse group of genes known …

The purpose of this chapter is to provide readers with a general overview of the fish immune
system, including commonalities and particularities in comparison with higher vertebrate …

Induction of neutralizing antibodies and protection by oral vaccination with DNA-alginates of
rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was …

Grass carp is an economically important freshwater fish in China, and haemorrhagic disease
caused by GCRV has seriously restricted its farming scale. To understand the host …

As fish farming continues to increase worldwide, the related research areas of fish disease
and immunology are also expanding, aided by the revolution in access to genomic …

Interferons (IFNs) can induce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), such as
myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein, to inhibit virus replication. In this study, the expression of …

Background Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins are crucial effectors of the innate antiviral
response against a wide range of viruses, mediated by the type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling …

Mx proteins are important components of the antiviral innate immune response mediated by
type I interferon. Classically, these proteins have been considered to be triggered by viral …

Myxovirus resistance (MX) proteins are pivotal players in the innate immune response to
viral infections. Less than 10 years ago, three independent groups simultaneously showed …