Tumor angiogenesis is necessary for the continued survival and development of tumor cells,
and plays an important role in their growth, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor …

Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or anti-PD-ligand (L) 1 drugs, as classic immune
checkpoint inhibitors, are considered promising treatment strategies for tumors. In clinical …

A proportion of patients with lung cancer experience long-term clinical benefit with immune
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, most patients develop disease progression during …

In cancer-immunity cycle, the immune checkpoint PD1 and its ligand PDL1 act as
accomplices to help tumors resist to immunity-induced apoptosis and promote tumor …

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), a technology that analyzes transcriptomes of
complex tissues at single-cell levels, can identify differential gene expression and epigenetic …

Non-coding RNAs do not encode proteins and regulate various oncological processes. They
are also important potential cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Bioinformatics …

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is reportedly the first identified human tumor virus, and is closely
related to the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric …

The intestinal tract is the largest digestive organ in the human body. It is colonized by, and
consistently exposed to, a myriad of microorganisms, including bifidobacteria, lactobacillus …

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or programmed death-1 (PD-
1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)–based immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led …

Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy, which has
revolutionized the treatment landscape of malignancies. Over the last decade, PD-1/PD-L1 …