Background Neutral density shade cloth is commonly used for simulating foliar shade, in
which it reduces light intensity without altering spectral quality. However, foliar shade also …

Hard fescue is an allo‐hexaploid, caespitose, cool‐season grass that is part of the fine‐
leaved ovina complex of the Lolium–Festuca clade in Poaceae. It is predominantly used as …

Shade stress is a common problem encountered in turfgrass management situations
worldwide. Shade reduces photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), alters light quality, reduces air …

Turfgrass stakeholder surveys have indicated fine fescue (Festuca spp.) seed will become in
higher demand, but fine fescue seed production in the United States, especially in Oregon …

Weed suppression has been observed in the fine fescues, a group of low‐input turfgrasses.
Of the fine fescues, Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin; CH) and …

Reduction of ambient solar radiation is an important external challenge for plants, which
affects photosynthesis and morphogenesis in agroforestry or gardening. As bottomed …

Turfgrass is defined as a species or cultivar of grass, usually of spreading habit, which is
maintained as a mowed. turf (Beard, 2005). The US total turf area covers about 2% of the …

Shade caused by trees or buildings can affect the quality and growth of turfgrasses. Thus,
breeding for shade tolerance is an essential component of most turfgrass improvement …

Table 20.1 shows some commonly used turfgrass species with challenges in both
photosynthesis efficiency and environmental factors. In addition to these photosynthesis …

Understanding the comparative evapotranspiration (ET) rates of commonly used turfgrass
species in a shaded environment would improve irrigation scheduling recommendations …