The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial developmental process by which
epithelial cells undergo a mesenchymal phenotypic change. During EMT, epigenetic …

Gastric cancer (GC) is regarded as the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of
cancer-related deaths worldwide. Mechanism of GC pathogenesis is still unclear and relies …

Background Microbial inhabitants of soils are important to ecosystem and planetary
functions, yet there are large gaps in our knowledge of their diversity and ecology. The …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a vital subpopulation of cells to target for the treatment of
cancers. In oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), there are several markers such …

Only 10% of cancer-related deaths result from primary tumors; most are caused by
metastatic tumors. It is believed that the metastatic power of tumor cells is attributed to …

Background Human cancer cells resemble stem cells in expression signatures leading them
to share some features, most notably, self-renewal. A complex network of transcription …

There is an inevitable association between cell signaling pathways and tumorigenesis. Wnt
and notch pathways play important roles during development and self-renewal. Beside the …

Major signaling pathways, such as Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo, are
targeted by a plethora of physiological and pathological stimuli, ultimately resulting in the …

Abstract PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, and LAG-3, crucial immune checkpoint molecules in
the tumor microenvironment, identify as key targets for cancer immunotherapy. There is a …

Background Esophageal cancer is the sixth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths
worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main reason for tumor relapse in esophageal …