ABSTRACT Hypothesis: Fluctuating asymmetry (FA)–random deviations from perfect symmetry that are used as a measure of developmental stability–is an effective indicator of …
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are inundating the upper ocean, acidifying the water, and altering the habitat for marine phytoplankton. These changes are thought to be particularly …
Phenotypic plasticity can influence evolutionary change in a lineage, ranging from facilitation of population persistence in a novel environment to directing the patterns of …
The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of fluctuating asymmetry in Pelophylax ridibundus populations inhabiting the River of Sazliyka (southern Bulgaria), polluted with …
The relationship between pollution level in estuarine sediment and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of resident smooth toadfish Tetractenos glaber was evaluated. A total of 188 fish from …
Divergence in phenotypic traits is facilitated by a combination of natural selection, phenotypic plasticity, gene flow, and genetic drift, whereby the role of drift is expected to be …
Differentiation in the defensive armor of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is caused by predator-driven divergent selection. Most studies considered armor traits …
M Hou, MJ Fagan - Plos one, 2021 - journals.plos.org
As a common feature, bilateral symmetry of biological forms is ubiquitous, but in fact rarely exact. In a setting of analytic geometry, bilateral symmetry is defined with respect to a point …
Eco‐evolutionary responses of natural populations to spatial environmental variation strongly depend on the relative strength of environmental differences/natural selection and …