Human diseases, particularly infectious diseases and cancers, pose unprecedented
challenges to public health security and the global economy. The development and …

Abstract Safety tested Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is licensed as third-generation
vaccine against smallpox and serves as a potent vector system for development of new …

After Edward Jenner established human vaccination over 200 years ago, attenuated
poxviruses became key players to contain the deadliest virus of its own family: Variola virus …

INTRODUCTION Inducing protective antibodies is a key goal in HIV-1 vaccine development.
In acute HIV-1 infection, the dominant initial plasma antibody response is to the gp41 …

Development of an effective AIDS vaccine is a global priority. However, the extreme diversity
of HIV type 1 (HIV-1), which is a consequence of its propensity to mutate to escape immune …

HIV-1 mucosal transmission begins with virus or virus-infected cells moving through mucus
across mucosal epithelium to infect CD4+ T cells. Although broadly neutralizing antibodies …

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has rapidly extended its geographic
range around the world. Its association with abnormal fetal brain development, sexual …

Bystander activation of memory T cells occurs in the absence of cognate antigen during
infections that elicit strong systemic inflammatory responses, which subsequently affect host …

Current standard treatments of cancer can prolong survival of many cancer patients but
usually do not effectively cure the disease. Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging therapeutic …

Vaccine formulation development has traditionally focused on improving antigen storage
stability and compatibility with conventional adjuvants. More recently, it has also provided an …