In the search of alternative resources to make commodity chemicals and transportation fuels
for a low carbon future, lignocellulosic biomass with over 180-billion-ton annual production …

As the main component of lignocelluloses, cellulose is a biopolymer consisting of many
glucose units connected through β-1, 4-glycosidic bonds. Breakage of the β-1, 4-glycosidic …

Biomass conversion to value-added chemicals and fuels over heterogeneous catalysts is
one of the top issues in green chemistry. This review focuses on recent advances in the …

Pretreatment of lignocellulose has received considerable research globally due to its
influence on the technical, economic and environmental sustainability of cellulosic ethanol …

With the progressive increase in global energy demands and the continuous depletion of
worldwide fossil resources, renewable lignocellulosic biomass has attracted more and more …

Cellulose is inherently resistant to breakdown, and the native crystalline structure (cellulose
I) of cellulose is considered to be one of the major factors limiting its potential in terms of cost …

Solid acid catalysts, which have favorable characteristics such as efficient activity, high
selectivity, long catalyst life and ease in recovery and reuse, have great potential for …

A number of pre‐treatment methods have been developed during the last few decades to
overcome biomass recalcitrance. Although the mechanisms of these pre‐treatments are …

Growing concerns related to environmental pollution, energy security, and future oil supplies
have encouraged the development of large-scale non-petroleum-based alternative fuels …

The use of fossil resources with the concerning climate change has pushed the
development of alternative and sustainable feedstocks for energy, chemicals, and materials …