Physical activity decreases the risk of a network of diseases, and exercise may be
prescribed as medicine for lifestyle-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes, dementia …

Abstract Purpose of Review Skeletal muscle and bone are connected anatomically and
physiologically, and play a crucial role in human locomotion and metabolism. Historically …

Abstract Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine composed of two subunits, p19
and p40. The p40 subunit is shared with IL-12. IL-23 and IL-12 have different receptors and …

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endogenous matrix
metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) on the invasive characteristics of RA …

It has been suggested that interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including osteoporosis not only in inflamed joints but also in the …

Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are predisposed to osteoporotic fracture.
The present study aims to determine the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and …

Bone remodeling is a lifelong process in vertebrates that relies on the correct balance
between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Bone loss and …

Bone destruction is a frequent and clinically serious event in patients with rheumatoid
arthritis (RA). Local joint destruction can cause joint instability and often necessitates …

While it is well known that the presence of lymphocytes and cytokines are important for
fracture healing, the exact role of the various cytokines expressed by cells of the immune …

Physical inactivity has been recognized, by the World Health Organization as the fourth
cause of death (5.5% worldwide). On the contrary, physical activity (PA) has been …