The vertebrate limb with its complex anatomy develops from a small bud of undifferentiated
mesoderm cells encased in ectoderm. The bud has its own intrinsic polarity and can develop …

We elaborate a framework for investigating the evolutionary history of morphological
characters. We argue that morphological character trees generated by phylogenetic analysis …

The evolution of human anatomical features likely involved changes in gene regulation
during development. However, the nature and extent of human-specific developmental …

Abstract The transcription factor Mohawk (Mkx) is expressed in developing tendons and is
an important regulator of tenogenic differentiation. However, the exact roles of Mkx in …

Current protocols for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into
chondrocytes do not allow for the expansion of intermediate progenitors so as to …

Animals have body parts made of similar cell types located at different axial positions, such
as limbs. The identity and distinct morphology of each structure is often specified by the …

The regulatory elements that direct tissue-specific gene expression in the developing
mammalian embryo remain largely unknown. Although chromatin profiling has proven to be …

The repair of injured tendons remains a formidable clinical challenge because of our limited
understanding of tendon stem cells and the regulation of tenogenesis. With single-cell …

Neural crest development is orchestrated by a complex and still poorly understood gene
regulatory network. Premigratory neural crest is induced at the lateral border of the neural …

Although decades of studies have produced a generalized model for tetrapod limb
development, urodeles deviate from anurans and amniotes in at least two key respects: their …