The immune system is composed of two subsystems—the innate immune system and the
adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the first to respond to pathogens and …

As physical barriers that separate teleost fish from the external environment, mucosae are
also active immunological sites that protect them against exposure to microbes and …

Vaccination is the most adequate method to control infectious diseases that threaten the
aquaculture industry worldwide. Unfortunately, vaccines are usually not able to confer …

The present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status
(stress and immune responses) of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile rainbow …

The present study was to investigate the effects of stocking density on the welfare of juvenile
Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) …

Three different immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes can be found in teleost fish, IgM, IgD, and the
teleost-specific IgT. IgM is considered to have a systemic activity, and IgT is attributed a …

Antigen receptor gene loci are among the most complex in mammals. The IgH locus,
encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) in B-lineage cells, undergoes major …

During the past decade, huge progress has been made in research into teleost PAMPs
(pathogen-associated molecule patterns) recognition receptors (PRRs). Numerous fish PRR …

As the teleost specific immunoglobulin, IgT plays important roles in systemic and mucosal
immunity. In the current study, in rainbow trout, we have cloned the heavy chain (Igτ) genes …

There are three major immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes in salmonid fish: IgM, IgD and IgT,
defined by the heavy chains μ, δ and τ, respectively. As a result of whole genome …