Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the structural and molecular
biology of type IV secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria. The latest advances have …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

Bacteria of the genus Legionella are natural pathogens of amoebae that can cause a severe
pneumonia in humans called Legionnaires' Disease. Human disease results from inhalation …

The bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) translocate DNA and protein substrates to
bacterial or eukaryotic target cells generally by a mechanism dependent on direct cell-to-cell …

The agent of Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes
acute and chronic infections. The study of C. burnetii pathogenesis has benefited from two …

Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative and-positive bacteria employ type IV secretion
systems (T4SSs) to translocate DNA and protein substrates, generally by contact-dependent …

Legionella pneumophila survives and replicates inside host cells by secreting~ 300 effectors
through the defective in organelle trafficking (Dot)/intracellular multiplication (Icm) type IVB …

To prevail in the interaction with eukaryotic hosts, many bacterial pathogens use protein
secretion systems to release virulence factors at the host–pathogen interface and/or deliver …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are complex machines used by bacteria to deliver
protein and DNA complexes into target host cells,,,–. Conserved ATPases are essential for …

Modulation of host cell function is vital for intracellular pathogens to survive and replicate
within host cells. Most commonly, these pathogens utilize specialized secretion systems to …