In the past two decades, several molecular targeted inhibitors have been developed and
evaluated clinically to improve the survival of patients with cancer. Molecular targeted …

Over the past two decades, our understanding of phospoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) has
progressed from the identification of an enzymatic activity associated with growth factors …

Akt (also known as protein kinase B or PKB) comprises three closely related isoforms Akt1,
Akt2 and Akt3 (or PKBα/β/γ respectively). We have a very good understanding of the …

One signal that is overactivated in a wide range of tumour types is the production of a
phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5) trisphosphate, by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase …

Treatment decisions for patients with lung cancer have historically been based on tumour
histology. Some understanding of the molecular composition of tumours has led to the …

Protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are important regulators of intracellular signal-transduction
pathways mediating development and multicellular communication in metazoans. Their …

Evolving studies with several different targeted therapeutic agents are demonstrating that
patients with genomic alterations of the target, including amplification, translocation and …

▪ Abstract The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of enzymes is recruited upon growth
factor receptor activation and produces 3′ phosphoinositide lipids. The lipid products of …

Recent research has examined Akt and Akt-related serine–threonine kinases in signaling
cascades that regulate cell survival and are important in the pathogenesis of degenerative …

HER2 is a transmembrane oncoprotein encoded by the HER2/neu gene and is
overexpressed in approximately 20 to 25% of invasive breast cancers. It can be …