Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment in various types of cancers,
weakens cytotoxic T cell function and causes recruitment of regulatory T cells, thereby …

Metabolic reprogramming is reported to be one of the hallmarks of cancer, which is an
adaptive mechanism by which fast-growing cancer cells adapt to their increasing energy …

Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue
homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor …

Amino acids are the building blocks of protein synthesis. They are structural elements and
energy sources of cells necessary for normal cell growth, differentiation and function. Amino …

Macrophages phagocytize pathogens to initiate innate immunity and products from the
tumor microenvironment (TME) to mediate tumor immunity. The loss of tumor-associated …

Metabolic reprogramming and immune escape play a major role in tumorigenesis.
Increasing number of studies have shown that reprogramming of glutamine metabolism is a …

Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of various types of cancers.
However, most of these immunomodulatory strategies focus on harnessing adaptive …

Simple Summary The IL-12 family cytokines play an important role in regulating the tumor
immune contexture. Recent efforts geared towards the development of better immune …

Background Chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) was known as a selective
chemotaxis for B cells, a product of follicular helper CD4+ T cells (T FH) and a contributor to …

Tumor hypoxia resulting from abnormal and dysfunctional tumor vascular network poses a
substantial obstacle to immunotherapy. In fact, hypoxia creates an immunosuppressive …