In the context of smart cities, sustainability is an essential dimension. One of the ways to
achieve sustainability and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in smart cities is …

Nowadays, free space optics (FSO) is becoming popular and is very competitive to the fiber
optic technology for providing broadband services at very high data rates without the …

The apodization profiles improve chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) capability to
compensate dispersion which enhances the performance of the wavelength division …

Wheel-based network resilience passive optical network (PON) based on mode division
multiplexing (MDM) can be integrated with optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) …

To handle the massive high-speed internet traffic, free space optics (FSO) or single-mode
fiber (SMF) based fiber optic communication is being used everywhere across the world …

This work presents a hybrid ring-mesh topology based passive optical network with free
space optics (PON/FSO) model for bidirectional transmission at 10× 10/10Gbps throughput …

This paper proposes a reliable hybrid 4× 10 Gbps fiber optic-FSO based ring architecture.
The proposed architecture aims to provide reliable and bandwidth-efficient transmission …

Wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) is considered as a
mainstream solution for 5G fronthaul transmission system to cope with the rapidly increasing …

Rapid bandwidth expansion necessitates large-scale, high-density access situations, in
which a clustered deployment of numerous passive optical network (PON) systems may be …

Nowadays, the designing and development of next-generation 5G communication systems
are in their infancy stage. The incorporation of survivability, reliability, and transmission …