In angiosperms, mature pollen is wrapped by a pollen wall, which is important for
maintaining pollen structure and function. Pollen walls provide protection from various …

Plant xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases or xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XET; EC
2.4. 1.207) catalogued in the glycoside hydrolase family 16 constitute cell wall-modifying …

Salinity severely reduces plant growth and limits agricultural productivity. Dynamic changes
and rearrangement of the plant cell wall is an important response to salt stress, but relatively …

Pectin is one of the three key cell wall polysaccharides in land plants and consists of three
major structural domains: homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and RG-II …

Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (APS) possesses excellent immunomodulatory
activity. However, there are several studies on the structural characterization of APS. Here …

During pollen tube growth, the walls of the tube provide the mechanical strength resisting
turgor pressure to protect two sperm cells. Cell wall proteins may play an important role in …

Arabinogalactans (AGs) are plant heteropolysaccharides with complex structures
occasionally attached to proteins (AGPs). AGs in cell matrix of different parts of plant are …

Pectins are complex cell wall polysaccharides important for many aspects of plant
development. Recent studies have discovered extensive physical interactions between …

Domain of unknown function (DUF) is a general term for many uncharacterized domains
with two distinct features: relatively conservative amino acid sequence and unknown …

Since the first description of double fertilization 120 years ago, the processes of pollen tube
growth and guidance, sperm cell release inside the receptive synergid cell, as well as fusion …