In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of
plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the …

The ability to sense and respond to physical forces is critical for the proper function of cells,
tissues, and organisms across the evolutionary tree. Plants sense gravity, osmotic …

In animals, PIEZOs are plasma membrane–localized cation channels involved in diverse
mechanosensory processes. We investigated PIEZO function in tip-growing cells in the moss …

Summary Invertase (INV)‐mediated sucrose (Suc) hydrolysis, leading to the irreversible
production of glucose (Glc) and fructose (Frc), plays an essential role in abiotic stress …

Autophagosomes are double-membraned vesicles that traffic harmful or unwanted cellular
macromolecules to the vacuole for recycling. Although autophagosome biogenesis has …

The endomembrane system consists of various membrane‐bound organelles including the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans‐Golgi network (TGN), endosomes, and …

Plant vacuoles, play a crucial role in maintaining cellular stability, adapting to environmental
changes, and responding to external pressures. The accurate identification of vacuolar …

Vacuolar proteins play essential roles in plant physiology and development, but the factors
and the machinery regulating their vesicle trafficking through the endomembrane …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a collection of idiopathic diseases
characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Patients diagnosed …

Cell division and cell elongation are fundamental processes for growth. In contrast to animal
cells, plant cells are surrounded by rigid walls and therefore loosening of the wall is required …