Opioids are considered the gold standard to manage acute or chronic or mild to severe pain.
Tramadol is a widely prescribed analgesic drug for dogs and cats; it has a synthetic partial …

Animal sentience refers to the capacity of animals to feel both positive and negative
emotions including that of pain. As veterinary health professionals, we have a medical and …

Oligoanalgesia is defined as failure to provide analgesia in patients with acute pain.
Treatment of pain in emergencies, critical care and perioperatively may influence patient …

Background The UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional feline pain assessment scale (UFEPS)
is a valid and reliable instrument for acute pain assessment in cats. However, its limitations …

Background The Feline Grimace Scale (FGS) is a facial expression-based scoring system
for acute pain assessment in cats with reported validity using image assessment. The aims …

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the inter-rater reliability and
convergent validity of the Colorado State University Feline Acute Pain Scale (CSU-FAPS) in …

Background Pain is the leading cause of animal suffering, hence the importance of validated
tools to ensure its appropriate evaluation and treatment. We aimed to test the psychometric …

Despite our increasing understanding of the pathophysiology underlying chronic or
maladaptive pain, there is a significant gap in our ability to diagnose and treat the condition …

Objectives Despite the high prevalence and increasing awareness of chronic
musculoskeletal pain in cats, approved treatment options are completely lacking in the USA …

The analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects of dipyrone, meloxicam or a dipyrone–
meloxicam combination were compared in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. In …