The protective role of estrogen and estrogen receptors in cardiovascular disease and the controversial use of estrogen therapy

A Iorga, CM Cunningham, S Moazeni… - Biology of sex …, 2017 - Springer
Epidemiologic studies have previously suggested that premenopausal females have
reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared to age-matched males …

[HTML][HTML] Cardiac fibrosis: new insights into the pathogenesis

ZG Ma, YP Yuan, HM Wu, X Zhang… - International journal of …, 2018 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Cardiac fibrosis is defined as the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and
degradation, thus contributing to cardiac dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic …

Specialized fibroblast differentiated states underlie scar formation in the infarcted mouse heart

X Fu, H Khalil, O Kanisicak, JG Boyer… - The Journal of …, 2018 - Am Soc Clin Investig
Fibroblasts are a dynamic cell type that achieve selective differentiated states to mediate
acute wound healing and long-term tissue remodeling with scarring. With myocardial …

Molecular distinction between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy: experimental findings and therapeutic strategies

BC Bernardo, KL Weeks, L Pretorius… - Pharmacology & …, 2010 - Elsevier
Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. Pathological cardiac
hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, eg hypertension) is a key risk …

Cardiac fibroblast: the renaissance cell

CA Souders, SLK Bowers, TA Baudino - Circulation research, 2009 - Am Heart Assoc
The permanent cellular constituents of the heart include cardiac fibroblasts, myocytes,
endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Previous studies have demonstrated …

Developmental heterogeneity of cardiac fibroblasts does not predict pathological proliferation and activation

SR Ali, S Ranjbarvaziri, M Talkhabi, P Zhao… - Circulation …, 2014 - Am Heart Assoc
Rationale: Fibrosis is mediated partly by extracellular matrix–depositing fibroblasts in the
heart. Although these mesenchymal cells are reported to have multiple embryonic origins …

IL-33 and ST2 comprise a critical biomechanically induced and cardioprotective signaling system

S Sanada, D Hakuno, LJ Higgins… - The Journal of …, 2007 - Am Soc Clin Investig
ST2 is an IL-1 receptor family member with transmembrane (ST2L) and soluble (sST2)
isoforms. sST2 is a mechanically induced cardiomyocyte protein, and serum sST2 levels …

The IL-33/ST2 pathway: therapeutic target and novel biomarker

R Kakkar, RT Lee - Nature reviews Drug discovery, 2008 - nature.com
For many years, the interleukin-1 receptor family member ST2 was an orphan receptor that
was studied in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune disease. However, in 2005, a …

The fibrosis marker galectin‐3 and outcome in the general population

RA De Boer, DJ Van Veldhuisen… - Journal of internal …, 2012 - Wiley Online Library
de Boer RA, van Veldhuisen DJ, Gansevoort RT, Muller Kobold AC, van Gilst WH, Hillege
HL, Bakker SJL, van der Harst P (University of Groningen). The fibrosis marker galectin‐3 …

Cardiac fibrosis and arrhythmogenesis: the road to repair is paved with perils

TP Nguyen, Z Qu, JN Weiss - Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology, 2014 - Elsevier
In the healthy heart, cardiac myocytes form an electrical syncytium embedded in a
supportive fibroblast-rich extracellular matrix designed to optimize the electromechanical …