Over 2500 active satellites are in orbit as of October 2020, with an increase of~ 1000
smallsats in the past two years. Since 2012, over 1700 smallsats have been launched into …

Hollow cathode plasma discharges are a fundamental part of a large variety of applications
in industry, academia, and space. From surface processing and coatings deposition to …

High-current hollow cathodes are widely used in electric propulsion as well as for laboratory
plasma generation applications. The plasma region just outside of high-current cathodes is …

A data-driven modal analysis of plasma oscillations in a stationary plasma thruster-100-like
Hall thruster in the 1–120 kHz range is presented. Data are generated by a two-dimensional …

A significant number of plasma instabilities occur in the region just outside of hollow
cathodes, depending on the injected gas flow, the current level and the application of an …

High-speed camera imaging is a powerful tool to probe the spatiotemporal features of
unsteady processes in plasmas, usually assuming light fluctuations to be a proxy for the …

Hall thrusters are known to exhibit a large variety of instabilities. Their physical mechanisms
have been identified at low (kHz) and intermediate (MHz) frequencies, even though they are …

Hall thrusters are susceptible to large-amplitude plasma oscillations that impact thruster
performance and lifetime and are also difficult to model. High-speed cameras are a popular …

Low-frequency instabilities are often present in Hall thrusters and are associated with axial
and/or azimuthal oscillations of plasma non-uniformities. The axial oscillations are related to …

A low-frequency ion instability, with frequency fI between the ion gyrofrequency and the
lower hybrid frequency fc, i< fI≪ fLH, is detected in an argon plasma expanding in a …