The recombination between immunoglobulin (IG) gene segments determines an individual's
naïve antibody repertoire and, consequently,(auto) antigen recognition. Emerging evidence …

Predicting evolutionary outcomes is an important research goal in a diversity of contexts.
The focus of evolutionary forecasting is usually on adaptive processes, and efforts to …

New protein coding genes can emerge from genomic regions that previously did not contain
any genes, via a process called de novo gene emergence. To synthesize a protein, DNA …

Caenorhabditis nematodes form an excellent model for studying how the mode of
reproduction affects genetic diversity, as some species reproduce via outcrossing whereas …

Biased mutation spectra are pervasive, with wide variation in the magnitude of mutational
biases that influence genome evolution and adaptation. How do such diverse biases …

Bacterial evolution is characterized by strong purifying selection as well as rapid adaptive
evolution in changing environments. In this context, the genomic GC content (genomic GC) …

Modern cell membranes contain a bewildering complexity of lipids, among them
sphingolipids (SLs). Advances in mass spectrometry have led to the realization that the …

Biological systems can gain complexity over time. While some of these transitions are likely
driven by natural selection, the extent to which they occur without providing an adaptive …

Unravelling the structure of genotype–phenotype (GP) maps is an important problem in
biology. Recently, arguments inspired by algorithmic information theory (AIT) and …

Evolutionary biologists have thought about the role of genetic variation during adaptation for
a very long time—before we understood the organization of the genetic code, the …