Addiction is caused, in part, by powerful and long-lasting memories of the drug experience.
Relapse caused by exposure to cues associated with the drug experience is a major clinical …

Rationale and objectives: Repeated exposure to many drugs of abuse results in a
progressive and enduring enhancement in the motor stimulant effect elicited by a …

Drug addiction results from adaptations in specific brain neurons caused by repeated
exposure to a drug of abuse. These adaptations combine to produce the complex behaviors …

Drug addiction is a devastating condition that poses a serious burden on the society. The
use of some drugs like morphine for their tremendous analgesic properties is also …

Opioid use disorder is classified as a chronic recurrent disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) which leads to personality disorders, co-morbidities and premature death. It …

Behavioral sensitization refers to the progressive augmentation of behavioral responses to
psychomotor stimulants that develops during their repeated administration and persists even …

Existing pathophysiological models of schizophrenia are limited in their ability to account for
all the clinical dimensions of the disorder. The purpose of this article is to describe a …

Over the last several years, significant progress has been made in our understanding of
interactions between the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and opioid receptors. Such …

▪ Abstract One of the central questions in neurobiology is how experience modifies neural
function, and how changes in the nervous system permit an animal to adapt its behavior to a …

Behavioral sensitization to amphetamine involves the mesoaccumbens dopamine system
and is accompanied by cellular changes in this system. Excitatory amino acid antagonists …