Human monkeypox is a viral zoonosis endemic to West and Central Africa that has recently
generated increased interest and concern on a global scale as an emerging infectious …

Poxviruses are often thought to evolve relatively slowly because they are double-stranded
DNA pathogens with proofreading polymerases. However, poxviruses have highly …

Gene therapy is the straightforward approach for the application of recent advances in
molecular biology into clinical practice. One of the major obstacles in the development of …

Poxviruses have large DNA genomes, and they are able to infect multiple vertebrate and
invertebrate animals, including humans. Despite the eradication of smallpox, poxvirus …

Zaire and Sudan ebolavirus species cause a severe disease in humans and nonhuman
primates (NHPs) characterized by a high mortality rate. There are no licensed therapies or …

Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980 after an intensive vaccination program using
different strains of vaccinia virus (VACV; Poxviridae). VACV strain IOC (VACV-IOC) was the …

Viruses are used as expression vectors for protein synthesis, immunology research,
vaccines, and therapeutics. Advantages of poxvirus vectors include the accommodation of …

The benefits of mucosal vaccines over injected vaccines are difficult to ascertain, since
mucosally administered vaccines often induce serum antibody responses of lower …

All viruses strategically alter the antiviral immune response to their benefit. The vaccinia
virus (VACV) K1 protein has multiple immunomodulatory effects in tissue culture models of …

This article evaluates the scientific and commercial rationales for the synthesis of horsepox
virus. I find that the claimed benefits of using horsepox virus as a smallpox vaccine rest on a …