Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

One of the most important branches of genetic engineering is the expression of recombinant
proteins using biological expression systems. Nowadays, different expression systems are …

Since the mid-1960s, methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii (previously described as
Pichia pastoris) has received increasing scientific attention. The interest for the industrial …

Elimination of the binding of immunoglobulin Fc to Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) is highly
desirable for the avoidance of unwanted inflammatory responses to therapeutic antibodies …

Today, vaccinologists have come to understand that the hallmark of any protective immune
response is the antigen. However, it is not the whole antigen that dictates the immune …

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has infected at least 2040
patients and caused 712 deaths since its first appearance in 2012, yet neither pathogen …

Today, the effectiveness of the only approved tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, bacillus Calmette-
Guerin (BCG), has encountered several serious problem in the control of TB infections …

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a
novel herpesvirus implicated as the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary …

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is garnering interest as a chassis cell factory for the
manufacture of recombinant proteins because it effectively satisfies the requirements of both …

Introduction: More than two billion people are latently infected with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Most tuberculosis (TB)-subunit vaccines currently in various stages of clinical …