Hundreds of millions of people are affected by hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, obesity
and the dysglycaemia that mark a common progression from metabolic health to type 2 …

Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are essential regulators of mammalian metabolism. The
absence of functional β-cells leads to hyperglycemia and diabetes, making patients …

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) communicates nutrient intake from the
gut to islets, enabling optimal levels of insulin secretion via the GIP receptor (GIPR) on β …

Key points Insulin enters the brain from the blood via a saturable transport system. It is
unclear how insulin is transported across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Using two models …

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system, commonly known for fine-tuning
numerous biological processes, has lately made its mark as a much sought-after therapeutic …

The dysregulation of glucose-inhibited glucagon secretion from the pancreatic islet α-cell is
a critical component of diabetes pathology and metabolic disease. We show a previously …

Dysfunction or death of pancreatic β cells underlies both types of diabetes. This functional
decline begins with β cell stress and de-differentiation. Current drugs for type 2 diabetes …

The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane protein that is activated by ligands in insulin
signaling pathways. The IR has been considered as a novel therapeutic target for clinical …

The insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays an important role in regulating
normal cell proliferation and survival. However, the IGF system is also implicated in many …

Scope We investigated whether rutin, a flavonoid isolated from Toona sinensis Roem, has
the ability to enhance insulin‐dependent receptor kinase (IRK) activity and glucose …