Chromium is a highly toxic non-essential metal for microorganisms and plants, and its
occurrence is rare in nature. Lower to higher chromium containing effluents and solid wastes …

Hexavalent chromium is mobile, highly toxic and considered as a priority environmental
pollutant. Chromate reductases, found in chromium resistant bacteria are known to catalyse …

We are just beginning to understand the metabolism of heavy metals and to use their
metabolic functions in biotechnology, although heavy metals comprise the major part of the …

Chromium is a highly toxic non-essential metal for microorganisms and plants. Due to its
widespread industrial use, chromium (Cr) has become a serious pollutant in diverse …

Bacterial plasmids encode resistance systems for toxic metal ions including Ag+, AsO2−,
AsO43−, Cd2+, Co2+, CrO42−, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sb3+, TeO32−, Tl+, and Zn2+. In …

Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, animals, plants, soil and in
volcanic dust and gases. It exists in different oxidation states that range from+ 2 to+ 6. The …

Chromium has been widely used in various industries. Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is a
priority toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic chemical, whereas its reduced trivalent form …

Chromium is both an essential trace element (as Cr”') ion and an environmental toxicant (as
CrV'ion). Trivalent chromium (50-200 pg per day) is necessary for normal development of …

The dramatic spread of antibiotic resistance is a crisis in the treatment of infectious diseases
that affect humans. Several studies suggest that wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are …

A biosensor is a measurement device or system that is composed of a biological sensing
component, which recognizes a chemical or physical change, coupled to a transducing …