Current pesticide risk assessment for bees relies on a single (social) species, the western
honey bee, Apis mellifera L.(Hymenoptera: Apidae). However, most of the> 20,000 bee …

In this chapter we argue that while pesticides can be harmful to pollinators, when they are
used in an integrated pest and pollinator management (IPPM) context, both pest …

Declines of pollinator health and their populations continue to be commercial and ecological
concerns. Agricultural practices, such as the use of agrochemicals, are among factors …

Since the initial suggestion of using insect hormones or their mimics as the third-generation
insecticides, great strides have been made in the discovery of three classes of such insect …

Background Pollination services provided by solitary bees, the largest group of bees
worldwide, are critical to the vitality of ecosystems and agricultural systems alike …

Insect pollinators such as bees and syrphid flies play a crucial role in pollinating many food
crops, and their diversity and abundance may be influenced by pesticide application …

There is widespread concern regarding the effects of agro-chemical exposure on bee
health, of which neonicotinoids, systemic insecticides detected in the pollen and nectar of …

The PPR Panel was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the science behind the
development of a risk assessment of plant protection products on bees (Apis mellifera …

There are various differences in size, behavior, and life history traits of non‐Apis bee
species compared with honey bees (Apis mellifera; Linnaeus, 1758). Currently, the risk …

Pollen feeding by solitary bees has been studied mainly with their larvae, overlooking pollen
feeding by adults. To address this knowledge gap, we determined the amounts and …