Neurotransmitters are molecules that amplify, transmit, and convert signals in cells, having
an essential role in information transmission throughout the nervous system. Hundreds of …

There is increasing appreciation that non-neuronal cells contribute to the initiation,
progression and pathology of diverse neurodegenerative disorders. This Review focuses on …

The elderly population is growing worldwide, with important health and socioeconomic
implications. Clinical and experimental studies on aging have uncovered numerous …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative brain disorders caused
by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Lewy bodies and …

Several neurodegenerative disorders involve impaired neurotransmission, and
glutamatergic neurotransmission sets a prototypical example. Glutamate is a predominant …

Toluene intoxication constitutes a persistent public health problem worldwide. While most
organs can be damaged, the brain is a primary target whether exposure is accidental …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after
Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic predisposition and immune dysfunction are involved in …

Glutamatergic hyperactivity in the nucleus striatum, the main basal ganglia input, has been
involved in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the onset of L-Dopa-induced …

Astrocytes (also, astroglia) consume huge amounts of glucose and produce lactate
regardless of sufficient oxygen availability, indicating a high capacity for aerobic glycolysis …

The monoamine model of depression has long formed the basis of drug development but
fails to explain treatment resistance or associations with stress or inflammation. Recent …