Fishes represent the most diverse group of vertebrates, having inhabited the Earth for
approximately 480 million years during which they evolved many specialised adaptations …

Parasitoid wasps represent the plurality of venomous animals, but have received extremely
little research in proportion to this taxonomic diversity. The lion's share of investigation into …

Predatory bugs employ a salivary venom apparatus to generate complex venoms for
capturing and digesting prey. The venom apparatus consists of different glands for the …

The selective factors that shape phenotypic diversity in prey communities with aposematic
animals are diverse and coincide with similar diversity in the strength of underlying …

Predator–prey interactions have been suggested as drivers of diversity in different lineages,
and the presence of anti-predator defences in some clades is linked to higher rates of …

The 'escape and radiate'hypothesis predicts that once species have evolved aposematism,
defended species can utilise more visually diverse visual backgrounds as they 'escape'the …

Venom is one of the most potent chemical secretions in nature which has played a
significant role in the evolutionary success of many animal groups, including spiders …

For almost as long as the ion channels in our brains have powered conscious thought, we
have been fascinated by venoms and toxins. Initially thought of as magical, now we are …

Predators learn and memorise the association between conspicuous colour patterns of
aposematic prey and their underlying chemical or secondary defences. Consequently …

The “escape and radiate” hypothesis predicts that once species have evolved aposematism,
defended species can utilize more visually diverse visual backgrounds as they “escape” the …