In the last century, we have seen a dramatic rise in the number of older persons globally, a
trend known as the grey (or silver) tsunami. People live markedly longer than their …

In recent years, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with approved
or experimental vaccines has proven to be a promising approach to improve vaccine …

Tumor immunotherapies have shown promising antitumor effects, especially immune
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, only 12.46% of the patients benefit from the ICIs, the …

Since the discovery of lymphocytes with immunosuppressive activity, increasing interest has
arisen in their possible influence on the immune response induced by vaccines. Regulatory …

The role of neutrophils in tumor initiation stage is rarely reported because of the lack of
suitable models. We found that neutrophils recruited in early tumor nodules induced by …

The coronavirus pandemic has starkly demonstrated the need to create highly effective
vaccines against various viral diseases. The emerging new platforms for vaccine creation …

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated the need to create highly effective antivirals
and vaccines against various RNA viruses, including SARS coronaviruses. This paper …

Introduction Transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2), also known as glioma-derived T-cell
suppressor factor, is associated with the impairment of tumor immune surveillance …