The cell wall (CW) of bacteria is an intricate arrangement of macromolecules, at least
constituted of peptidoglycan (PG) but also of (lipo) teichoic acids, various polysaccharides …

Most bacteria have multiple peptidoglycan hydrolases capable of cleaving covalent bonds in
peptidoglycan sacculi or its fragments. An overview of the different classes of peptidoglycan …

The importance of the cell wall to the viability of the bacterium is underscored by the breadth
of antibiotic structures that act by blocking key enzymes that are tasked with cell-wall …

Many Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria recycle a significant proportion of the
peptidoglycan components of their cell walls during their growth and septation. In many …

Production of beta-lactamases, the enzymes that degrade beta-lactam antibiotics, is the
most widespread and threatening mechanism of antibiotic resistance. In the past, extensive …

The phenomenon of peptidoglycan recycling is reviewed. Gram-negative bacteria such as
Escherichia coli break down and reuse over 60% of the peptidoglycan of their side wall each …

β-Lactam antibiotics are one of the most important antibiotic classes but are plagued by
problems of resistance, and the development of new β-lactam antibiotics through side-chain …

Peptidoglycan is the main component of the bacterial cell wall. It is a complex, three‐
dimensional mesh that surrounds the entire cell and is composed of strands of alternating …

The history of modern medicine cannot be written apart from the history of the antibiotics.
Antibiotics are cytotoxic secondary metabolites that are isolated from Nature. The …

Arabinoxylan (AX) is among the most abundant hemicelluloses on earth and one of the
major components of feedstocks that are currently investigated as a source for advanced …