Neurotransmitters are endogenous metabolites that play a crucial role within an organism, at
the chemical synapses. There is a growing interest in their analytical determination for …

Background Phenotypic plasticity is a crucial adaptive mechanism that enables organisms to
modify their traits in response to changes in their environment. Predator-induced defenses …

Predation has been a major driver of the evolution of prey species, which consequently
develop antipredator adaptations. However, little is known about the genetic basis …

Although obligately asexual lineages are thought to experience selective disadvantages
associated with reduced efficiency of fixing beneficial mutations and purging deleterious …

Species that are not closely related can express similar inducible traits, but molecular
mechanisms underlying the observed responses are often unknown, nor is it known if these …

Inducible defenses against predators are widespread among plants and animals. For
example, some Daphnia species form neckteeth against predatory larvae of the dipteran …

Despite increasing empirical evidence that chromosomal rearrangements may play an
important role in adaptive divergence and speciation, the degree to which divergent …

Crustacean vitellogenesis is a process that involves Vitellin, produced via endoproteolysis of
its precursor, which is designated as Vitellogenin (Vtg). The Vtg gene, mRNA and protein …

Background Daphnia galeata is a suitable model organism for investigating predator-
induced defense. Genes and pathways exhibiting differential expression between fish …

High fish predation pressure can trigger “induced defense” in Daphnia species, resulting in
phenotypic plasticity in morphology, behavior, or life-history traits. The molecular …